Gin Act DBQ

In eighteenth-century England, the English saw a huge rise in the popularity and sale of Gin. Gin slowly (from 1701 to 1751) gained much favor over beer and peeked in 1741 out consuming beer times six (Doc. 1). As Gin sales started to take over the sale of beer, the government saw this as an opportunity to make taxes and restraints on the sale of Gin to benefit the government. As this persisted, The Gin Act of 1751 was instated. This act is one way that the government made sure that Gin sale did not get out of hand. Although in the preamble of the Gin Act of 1751 it states that Parliament assembled, ever attentive to the preservation and health of your Majesty’s subjects, I believe that Parliament had a more financial goal rather than health goal. As these restraints and taxes were brought upon people who produced Gin, there were mixed feelings on how these restraints would affect the community and the common welfare of the people. Citizens used many aspects of society to gain ground behind their opinions on the restrictions on the sale of Gin. Many citizens were in fact for the restraints because of the occupation they worked, the religion they belonged to, or the position they held in government. Other citizens felt the exact opposite. Many felt that the restrictions of Gin sale were not just and would not allow for citizens â€Å"relief or support of nature† (Doc. 8). Others were pushing towards a more neutral view on if Gin was bad or good. This type of people was indirectly affected by the sale of Gin but wanted to have their opinions stated. Amongst the many motives that citizens had to favor the restrictions on Gin, one was to better the common welfare of the people. William Hogarth showed so perfectly, in his work Gin Lane that he believes that Gin degrades the people which degrade the city. In his painting of Gin Lane, he shows how much people don’t care about their city and their fellow neighbors. He shows this through the many buildings falling apart and many drunken people. He is showing how much Gin is ruining the city and the people (Doc. 11). William Hogarth then shows through the painting of Beer Street how much better of an idea to slow the consumption of Gin and up the consumption of beer would be. It depicts a calm very clean and orderly city. Although drinking and enjoying themselves, all the citizens of the city are all cohesive and working their job as they should (Doc. 12). People were worried since the production of Gin has gone up significantly and that the price has gone down that drunkenness would become the characteristic of the people. Meaning all the poor would get drunk and corrupt the city life and generations to come because of the low Gin price (Doc. 13). Since a majority of people in England worked long and hard weeks, gin was considered harmful because people would work so many hours that when the weekend would come, they would come drink glass after glass until they were cursing at each other and quarreling and making a scene (Doc 3). gin lowered people's morals and made their behavior more atrocious as well as destroying some of the Kings men which was not attractive to the common person (Doc 7). It was once stated in a speech at Parliament that â€Å"Gin not only infatuates the mind but poisons the body; it not only fills our streets with madness and our prisons with criminals†. This just shows how much people believe that Gin is to blame for vagabonds on the streets and criminals. These people are worried about their well being and want to support restrictions on the sale of Gin. Some citizens approved and supported the sale of Gin in England. England at that time had already gone through the Agriculture Revolution. The new technologies brought by the Revolution had tripled England's wheat supply and had forced the sale and demand of wheat to plummet. People supported gin because it could help them as well as their government by providing relief from the over production of wheat. This remedy would in turn produce more demand and improve sales (Doc 1). Even England's climate aided in the sale of gin. Englishmen and women at that time worked very long hours either in their home or working for another family. When it came time for the weekend, gin was considered a relief or an out to people’s problems. Since England's weather was often foggy, cold, and damp, gin would relieve people from their hardships (Doc 8). William Pulteney is a great example of someone who needed Gin sales to go up because it depended on his finances. Pulteney was a landowner who probably had wheat on the land; therefore he obviously was against the restrictions and for the sale of Gin because if Gin sellers didn’t want his wheat anymore because beer took Gin over, he would be kicked off his land (Doc. 4). Many people saw how easy government put these taxes on Gin, so why couldn’t they do the same to property. People felt very violated after this (Doc. 5). Grain was distilled to make Gin and Daniel Defoe felt that this was a great way to support Gin and to gain from it too (Doc. 2). There was also a neutral side of people who really didn’t care if Gin was good or bad but they were indirectly affected by it and demanded a say. On one account, John Wesley, a Methodist who believes that drunkenness is a means of removal from religious society, therefore is strongly against the mass sale of Gin. This is just one example of how Gin indirectly affected a religious man. Another person who could get stuck in the crossfire is someone in a government position. A member of parliament who is always worried about the King and if he is pleased, is obviously against the restrictions but in a different way. This member of parliament is mainly only worried about the King and really has not correlation to Gin except in the pocket book. In eighteenth century England, government was attempting to restrict the sale of Gin throughout England. Many people did not want Gin and were for restriction on Gin either because of how it reflected on the city or how it affected someone’s job. Others strongly though that Gin was helping the economy and was keeping wheat owners in business. There was also a part of people who took a more neutral stand on weather Gin was good or bad. Although many opinions on this topic, all were centered on the way the person lived and their position in society.

Colors of Love Essay

They say in love nothing is impossible. Height, weight, distance and of course age is just a damn number. To love is a great feeling but to be loved is a much greater feeling. But it’s hard to be hurt, that feeling like when your heart’s gonna burst and while in pain, you’re just crying and crying and crying. The first time I saw him, I was starstrucked! â€Å"Wow, he’s so tall and kinda handsome. Does he have any talent and is he that smart enough? If he does, then he’s already!† When my classmates and I began to study with him the girls were like â€Å"Oh my gosh!† they started to like him. â€Å"If only I could, tsk† I murmured. At first, I thought that love isn’t true because reading then studying and vice versa are the things I only do, because my goals are to finish my studies in the best university, then to have a job with a high salary, and to have my own family, as simple as that. We are not very rich just rich alone. My mother is a doctor; in fact she belongs to the family of doctors, while my father is an engineer and a president in one of the biggest hotel and casino here in the Philippines. They both met in Europe while having a vacation in Switzerland. My family owned a lot of businesses and properties worldwide. But, even though, I can live without working, I still wanna pursue my dreams on my own. I have an older sister and she’s eight years older than me, but we are still very close. She is my best friend and mentor. She has no boyfriend; I mean she doesn’t have a boyfriend anymore. By the way enough with my life, let’s go back to my story. After a while I get to know him and to my surprise he doesn’t have any girlfriend. The more we have conversations the more I fall to him. Then one day, he uttered all the characteristics he wanted for a girl. â€Å"Of course I want an honest and loyal in a way that she won’t flirt with others, responsible, kind-hearted, loving and sweet ‘cause I want a girl who can take good care of me, smart, has a great sense of humour, since I don’t want a boring girl and she should know how to make me smile and laugh, knows how to cook well, pretty and with a killer smile and also a prayerful one.† He said that while smiling. â€Å"Shit! His voice is so attractive. The way he smiled made me speechless† I mumbled. Then jokingly he asked me. â€Å"How about you what do you want for a guy?† â€Å"I want a guy who loves me a lot, and only me alone, protective and concerned but not in a way that I’ll not be suffocated, I want a guy who allots his time for me, I also wants who loves me not with what I have but with who I am, an honest one that will not hurt and give me pain, brave and strong and ready to stand-up for me, of course I also think about our future, so that, I want a smart, resourceful and an industrious one. The looks and talent should be there also but being taller than me and a sport minded one is an edge.† â€Å"Whoa! You are still young but you think and plan deeper than me, on the other hand, is it really possible that we can find the one for us that has the attitudes we like?† â€Å"Yes, if God and the future will be good to us. But God won’t give us the things we wanted, but, instead, He bestows us the things we needed.† â€Å"You’re right; by the way I ha ve a class to attend to. Just study first, your too young for love.† When I got home, I was like an idiot smiling and laughing alone. Until my sister noticed me, she asked â€Å"Hey, why are you smiling like a freak there? Want to share? Is it about your lovelife?† â€Å"Ye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But I want to share my story to you first† â€Å"Okay† â€Å"Do you know that my ex-boyfriend’s cousin has a friend. Then his friend has a brother that I saw a while ago in one of our stores together with JJ, my ex- boyfriend. He introduced Grey to me and vice versa. Grey is the perfect for an ideal boyfriend!†. â€Å"Wow, he’s name is like mine’s it’s so manly too.† â€Å"So a guy is the cause of your smile right?† â€Å"Yeah† â€Å"Are you in love?† â€Å"No! It has only been five months since we met.† â€Å"Denying is also lying right? So are you lying to me? Ok, fine I’ll gonna sleep!† â€Å"Ok, Purps good night!† The next day we meet again and talked about the girl he likes. â€Å"You know what she’s so kind, even though, we just known each other for a short period of time. I think that I like her, but I shouldn’t be.† â€Å"Huh? But why?† â€Å"No, nevermind!† â€Å"Wait are we considered as close friends already?† â€Å"Of course. I think we are more than close, we are best friends.† â€Å"Really? Aren’t we awkward?† â€Å"Of course not! We are not doing anything bad naman ah!† â€Å"Okay, it’s my turn now, do you know that there’s a guy I like?† â€Å"Whoa! Really do you have a love life now?† Laughingly I said â€Å"Lovelife in an instant, can’t I have any crush first? By the way, aside from his looks, he also dances naturally plus he’s smart also!† â€Å"Really? If that so, he would be very lucky.† He answered in a low tone of voice. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Oops, the bell already rang. Okay, catch yah later!† Tsk. Crap that’s it na nga eh! He’ll gonna tell the reason. Badtrip! I went home so late because of the plenty requirements my teachers gave plus I have so many things to bring! Then my friends went home early and my driver can’t fetch me because he has to attend his son’s wedding tonight! This is an unlucky day. I really don’t want to ride in a cab and I’m not used to commute alone. â€Å"As I was waiting for a cab to arrive someone shouted† â€Å"Hey!† I looked back and said â€Å"Oh, it’s you! I thought you already went home† â€Å"Yeah, I was walking straight to my apartment but I saw your driver near the church. So I hurriedly go back here to check if you already have gone home. Let me have your things, I’m gonna accompany you, so that, I am ensured that you will be safe.† I was really so flattered about the things he said and didn’t have the chance to answer him back or even thank him. After an hour of standing there, he finally decided that we should take a jeepney. As we sit upon, the people are all staring and were like â€Å"Seriously?† Since I am really tired I almost fall asleep, he hugged me, so that, my head will be supported. An ensuing silence between us two was felt. And as the driver said the destination, I hurriedly thank him and got down the jeep. â€Å"Take care!† he shouted. And I replied him with a smile. As I am walking a group of men suddenly grabbed my hair and pointed me with a knife. I tried to scream but they are too strong for me. My things fell off on my hands. I am really scared, there was nothing that I could do, but to cry and cry as they were unbuttoning my blouse, I am really hopeless. But out of the blue, I heard gunshots, and as I open my eyes, all I can see darkness, and a man wearing a yellow shirt, but I didn’t have the chance to thank him or even see his face. The next thing I know is that it is already morning and I’m in a hospital, my things are also there too. The nurses already contacted the number in my I.D. They said that a man named Y.L. brought me there. I am fine and still not touched, although I got some bruises. Purps texted me that she can’t come because her boss didn’t still arrive in the office, she just advised me to call my driver quickly, so that, I can already rest. As we arrived in our house, I quickly sleep, and when I woke up my sister texted me that she can’t go home early, because she have to visit her boss in the hospital who had been beaten up and has deep stab. The next day, I ignore everyone, as if I’m the only one living in this world, and I pay no attention even to my bestfriend. â€Å"Hey are you okay? What happened why were you absent yesterday?† he asked when I was about to ride in the car. â€Å"I’m sorry I’m really tired. I’m not in the mood to talk about anything today.† I answered. As Manong Fred is preparing to start the engine, I heard my bestfriend whispered. â€Å"Is she okay? Is it my fault? I really miss her a lot.† It has been weeks since we had our last convo. He texts, calls and even send me cards to know my situation, although I really appreciate his efforts, I still avoided him, I just don’t know why I’m doing this to him, maybe I’m just blaming him to what had happened to me. Today, a month before my birthday, Purps told me something. â€Å"Sis, do you remember my boss?† â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"Well he was the one who saved you last month from those maniacs.† â€Å"Really, how’d you know?† â€Å"He accidentally saw your picture on my phone and told me the story.† â€Å"But why didn’t he show up?† â€Å"It is because he had a deep cut and needed an operation quickly, that’s why you had blood stains on your uniform right?† â€Å"Oh. But why is he strolling around our village?† â€Å"He will pick me up because we had a date that night; actually until now we are dating. By the way, do you still rememb er Grey?† â€Å"Kinda?† â€Å"Well, he’s Y.L’s brother and he’s teaching in your school, in fact he’s real name is Derrick Kryp.† Those words of Purps made me speechless. I am really surprised. â€Å"Wha†¦What did you say? Because Grey or Sir Rick is the one I love.† â€Å"Really? Whoa! Actually I asked Y.L to bring Grey together with him, for you two to meet each other, but to my surprised I’m the one who needs to know my sister’s love more.† I have nothing to do but to be amazed, ‘cause we are so connected with each other. â€Å"Red, they also have a little sister named Gelai or Green. Isn’t it amazing our names just like them are like colors?† â€Å"Yeah, it is.† In any minute they’ll be here. And I’m not yet ready to face them. Then they arrived, and as we ride the car, no one speaks, as if the four of us don’t know each other. Rick and I are seemed to be very surprised of what is going on, then an ensuing silence was heard To bring out the mood, Y.L began to speak â€Å"How are you now Red? Aren’t you traumatized?† Then Rick started to ponder â€Å"Huh? What’s going on? Are you two knew each other? What traumatized?† â€Å"Yeah, Y.L, I’m much better now than last month. By the way, thank you very much.† I answered. Then Purps replied to Rick’s question. â€Å"Y.L was the person who saved my sister from those maniacs who attempted to rape her last month.† â€Å"Really? Red, is that the reason why you had avoided me these past weeks? Are you really okay now?† Rick asked me, but I didn’t answered. When we arrived in the restaurant, Purps reserved as another table. â€Å"Red, why didn’t you tell me about that incident? You know what I’m really mad that you aren’t talking to me last month.† â€Å"I’m really sorry, I just didn’t want to talk about it and maybe I’m too scared of what had happened.† â€Å"I really miss you Red, I thought that you are about to forget me, without knowing the reason why. â€Å"I missed you too Derrick, but remember that I won’t forget you, you’ll always be in my heart.† â€Å"Red, I love you, I love you more than anything else in this world. I even love you more than my life.† Those words of him made me wordless, I feel like I has been struck by a lightning, my heart beats so fast and I feel like I am jumping in the cloud nine, I’ve never felt this feeling before. â€Å"What? Are you crazy? I’m a graduating highschool student who is deeply inlove with her teacher, and 15 year-old girl who has a relationship with her educator. What will others say to us? What will be our future?† â€Å"Really, do you also love me? I don’t care what will others will say to us, as long as we are both happy of what we are doing and we aren’t hurting others. I’ll just resign being a teacher after you had graduated and work for my brother in our company, is it okay with you?† â€Å"Yeah, as long as we will be together legally. I really love you.† He suddenly hugged me and whispered unto my ears the words I love to hear everyday â€Å"I love you and I will always do.† â€Å"We will be legalized after I graduated don’t worry, just wait for a month and you can call me your girl and not your student anymore.† â€Å"Of course, for you I’ll do everything.†

Overview of Ames Test

The AMES test also known as bacteria reversed mutation assay is used to evaluate the mutagenic properties of test articles. The test was first developed by Bruce Ames in 1974 (Krebsfaenger). The amino acid dependent strain of S. typhimurium and E. coli are used in this experiment where in the absence of the external histidine source, the cells cannot grow to form colonies. Specifically these strains of Salmonella are defective in 1. ) Repair of mutations (uvrB) and 2. A rfa mutation (eliminating a portion of lipolysaccharide (a coating of outer bacterial surface)). The rfa mutation here fulfills two purposes: 1. ) Helps Salmonella in growing in presence of sodium desoxycholate or crystal violet. and 2. ) Increases the cell permeability allowing more mutagen to enter the cell. The lack of uvrB gene in the decreases the rate of repair mechanism of mutations occurring resulting in the increased incidences of occurring mutations. These auxotrophic strain cannot grow on the media without histidine and biotine (due to uvrB).If these organisms are allowed to grow on the media lacking both of these, the strain get converted to prototroph resulting the organisms to grow on the mutagenic chemicals to be tested in the media. If the chemical being tested is mutagenic, the organisms will grow as some substance are capable of causing mutations in the cells at same site or at nearby sites resulting in restoring gene's function and these mutations in the cells can revert back the gene regaining its function (Tejs).These revertant cells are then able to grow on the media which does not contain histdine as it can now synthesize histidine on its own. This mutation causes the cells to divide continuously. If there is no further mutation occurring in the cell, the cells will die out like normal cell. But if any further mutation occurs which allows the cells to grow for many generations, then the cancerous cells will be formed. The principle of Ames test is specifically based on the hypothesis that any substance that is mutagenic for the bacteria used in this test may also turn out to be carcinogenic (compound causing cancer).The most important limiting points of the Ames test includes first an assumption that though Ames test is being tested on prokaryotic microorganisms, it will detect the mutagens or cancer causing agents in human beings. (Though this test uses rat liver enzymes, Ames test is not able to serve the perfect model for human beings. ) Secondly, mutagens found by this test might not be carcinogenic i. e. further test may be required. also all carcinogens are not mutagens ( i. e. Ames test is unable to find such agents eg: asbestos).Third, some nitrate containing compounds lie nitroglycerine can cause false positive production by producing nitric oxide. ? Works Cited 1. Krebsfaenger, Niels. â€Å"AMES TEST: Bacterial Reversed Mutation Assay. † Genpharmtox, Assay Sheet AMES TEST. Gen Pharm Tox, n. d. Web. 21 Nov 2012. . 2. Tejs, Sebastian. â€Å"The Ames Test: A methodological Short Review. † Environmental Biotechnology. Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, n. d. Web. 27 Nov 2012. . 3.

Natural Resources and Energy on The Forest Essay

Natural Resources and Energy on The Forest - Essay Example Simultaneously weather change is posing an added significant menace to the healthiness of ecologies and hence their capability to offer bionetwork services, at the same time as human populace upsurge and resource usage for each person is growing. Such a blend of ecological, climatic and monetary burdens causing to food, water and energy scarcities has a potential risk. Therefore an ecology-based set of resolutions that human social order can use to evade possible impending difficulties, in addition to manage with and adjusting to vicissitudes are even now undergoing and is expected to endure. Central to attaining this goal is to manage the technique bionetwork welfares are adopted into conservative judgment creating tools. For instance the technique ecology services are appreciated and accounted for in the current financial model and pointers like gross national products (GDP). At present, the international financial model and countrywide accounting does not count for all the importa nt welfares that nature offers to populaces, particularly in the long period leading to the misuse or mistreatment of natural assets before their supportable and effective usage. Devoid of complete evaluation of less-tangible natural profits as of ecologies, usage will continue untenable and dreadful conditions unavoidable causing to the possible breakdown of significant ecology roles and facilities. It is obvious that there is a necessity to improve a fiscal model that precisely mirrors profits to populaces as of the environs and the expenses linked with ecology collapse. Making this correct will help to advance in the direction of sustainability. Effects of Growing Human Population The endurance of ecosystem is less anywhere populace mass is maximum. The Asia/Pacific region has lost considerable portion of its genuine forest cover, typically to agricultural expansion however correspondingly to urbanization and mineral exploitation. Damages in Europe estimated to be average 75 % in Russia 24%, in Africa 68%, and in the Americas 35%, however with much higher rates in more thickly occupied regions for example the seaside areas and Central America. The major territories of wilderness endure only in a lesser amount of populous zones of the globe, which for numerous facts have demonstrated difficult for human being to settle in a few numbers. These comprise the rainforests of the Amazon basin and Central Africa; the ice-covered taiga areas of Siberia and isolated areas of North America; and certain desert, mountain and swamp areas. Examples of the latter types comprise the African Sahara; the huge Himalayan regions. Increasing affluence and financial activity amid humanoid strengthen their influence on local bionetworks by swelling request for natural assets and causing contamination as of manufacturing and energy production. Affluence can offer the assets for a clean-up of contamination, as happened with some European tributaries in modern time. Similarly, severa l European nations are substituting agricultural land and old manufacturing industries with quasi-natural forests. This is likely for the reason that they have the affluence to purchase food from somewhere else or to participate in intensive farming to produce additional foodstuff from less acreage, and have the craving to reinstate olden environments. For example, the

Our Barbies, Ourselves by Emily Prager Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our Barbies, Ourselves by Emily Prager - Article Example Prager asserts that this physical perfection on part of the most popular doll undermines the feminist movement and other feminine ideals. Prager acknowledges that Barbie does serve as a role model in terms of her liberated sense of style and living. The showcasing of Barbie’s bohemian lifestyle, spanning condos, fashion plazas, swimming pools and beauty salons is appealing for young girls. Yet, her combination of verve and freedom does not compensate for real substance. Prager constructs her arguments well through the use of deductive logic. She exposes the problems associated with Barbie’s idolatry. At the center of Prager’s criticism is the homocentric physical construction of Barbie and the highly materialistic basis of her lifestyle. As much a criticism of Barbie, the essay is a criticism of society at large for allowing a flawed concept to take such strong cultural roots. I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Jr. This landmark speech of the Civil Rights Movem ent is one of the most powerful public orations ever. It was delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. on 28th August 1963 at the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. The speech is exceptional for both its logical merit and emotional appeal. Indeed reading the transcript of the speech dilutes some of its rhetorical effects that were witnessed firsthand by the fortunate congregation at the Lincoln Memorial. ... Though the speech is delivered for political mobilization and has for its subject the deep-rooted social malaise of racial discrimination, it does not sacrifice its rhetorical flourishes. The combination of a powerful rallying cry delivered with a style bordering on poetic recitation makes it the most singular. It is hard to find any flaws with the speech. This is testified by the fact that it continues to be a source of inspiration for social activists even today. Message to the Grassroots by Malcolm X This is a public speech by the militant black leader Malcolm X, calling upon men of his race to unite in their efforts to fight white oppression. The speech is reminiscent of the more famous counterpart delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. But the methods advocated by the two speakers are contrasting. While the philosophy of King was one of non-violent activist organization, Malcolm X forwards a more militant approach to racial equality. Malcolm X’s agenda is also much broader t han attaining political rights. He believes that unless Black Nationalism (with due territorial sovereignty) is achieved there is no scope for black liberation. Malcolm X thus condemns the pacifist and conciliatory strands of the Civil Rights Movement. He urges all the black brethren to unite in their claim for a separate black nationhood. If a bloody revolution is what it takes to achieve that end so may the black race incur is his central message. Though Malcolm X’s speech is powerful in terms of rhetoric and public appeal, I personally do not find it acceptable. Malcolm X has a valid point in urging all factions of black social activists to unite. But his ready endorsement of violent means for achieving socio-political goals is problematic on two counts. Not only is Malcolm X’s stance

Compare and contrast management interviews Essay

Compare and contrast management interviews - Essay Example Many of us conducted this management interview with managers from different company departments. This paper therefore compares and contrasts the responses that were given by these managers. Different questionnaires reported different management day-to-day duties. Whereas managers carry the same title, their daily job roles are significantly diversified. The roles span from employee supervision, sales management, overseeing production, as well as general office management. Some managers are required to deliver short-term results whereas others are evaluated annually. The interviews also point to the different management levels by different managers. Seemingly, management levels determine the kind of daily tasks performed by the managers. Some of the highlighted goals include meeting daily sales margins, product delivery targets, meeting production line efficiencies. Others set weekly goals where one manager aims to keep everything in order by making sure errors stay to the minimum. Another one sets a monthly goal of managing real-estate by controlling and managing rent expenses on building company leases. However, daily, weekly and monthly targets pile up accumulatively to become annual targets for the organization. The interviews showed that different managers have different goal achieving strategies. For instance, there is a manager who has a strategy of doing paperwork in the morning, another has a strategy of ensuring the employees are properly trained and they are also cross-trained, another one writes down the goals and objectives and gives them to individual employees, and another one ensures customer gets satisfied. One manager pointed to giving incentives to well performing employees as a way of pushing individual employees to meet goals and targets. Yet, others went to an extent of outsourcing challenging tasks to other vendors in

A movie star Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A movie star - Essay Example Undoubtedly, the way Heath portrayed and played the role of the Joker is irreplaceable and unbelievable. Surely, the makers of Dark Knight will be continue to face issues in finding a perfect replacement for Heath as Heath no longer stands and shines within the society. His performance as the joker was quite thought provoking and the way he managed to villainies the sets and story of Dark Knight clearly shows that Heath had worked hard for this character and had invested more than he could into the character. His performance as the joker can easily be compared to a king who is mentally unfit to rule and his psychotic nature was making every individual bow in front of him. The first words uttered by Heath Ledger as the Joker were â€Å"What doesn’t kill you, makes you stranger† and right after those words were spoken in the film, the movie continued to unfold in the most entertaining and uncertain manner. All the lines that were spoken by Joker were very well illustrated throughout the movie and even today these punch lines are remembered and used to reflect upon a world where a Joker exists and people fear him. One of the greatest scenes performed by heath during the movie was when he asked an individual about whether he wants to see a magic trick, then he place a pencil on the table and pushed the man’s head on the pencil, instantly killing him. The manner, the threatening voice and the uncertain move made by Heath ledger clearly reflected how a psychotic person thinks and how dangerous he can be. From this scene and after that every scene played by Joker in the movie had an unforgettable impact on all those who watched the movi e. Heath Ledger’s performance throughout the movie over shadowed every single performance of other cast members, it seemed as if he was sitting in the driving scene and was able to take the movie to whatever direction he wanted to and the rest followed his pursuit. Even though Batman is supposed to be

Reposition sense in the knee joint in individuals with and without low Essay

Reposition sense in the knee joint in individuals with and without low back pain - Essay Example (Gill & Callaghan 1998; Newcomer et al. 2000; O`Sullivan et al 2003). Although not significant to prove the hypothesis, it could be seen how the result of this study has drawn the realization of the fact that proprioception needs to be increased among patients of LBP as they undergo particular therapies to treat their health issues. Through focusing to this need, it could be noticed how the entire system of therapy applied among those in need of healthcare assistance in connection with LBP could be improved through the implication of the importance of seeing how giving attention to bodily proprioception could be a huge difference in the process of curing those who have LBP. The limited proportion of the samples between each other has a huge significance with the result that has been garnered from this study. The fact that the participants came from the same institution and are having quite the same age range made the study more focused on a particular group of the population who may or may not be in constant possibility of developing LBP, which is the youth. Diversity was perhaps the lacking factor in this study. As this study lacked the said element, the application of the results to a more general scope of population affected by the health situation becomes a huge question of limitation. The LBP subjects included in this study described their pain as mild to minimal severity. Moreover, the recruitment period was conducted during summer vacation. Likely because of the situation, the season and the perception of the participants with the time, they are rather expected to have moods and certain perceptive reactions to the experiment which could have likely affected the whole result of the study. To overcome the whole limited sense of the study, an application of the isokinetic testing could be applied. This testing could help in

Johansen under the employment law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Johansen under the employment law - Case Study Example Johansen is protected under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As stated in Schultz, 45 because she is a female and, therefore, falls under ‘protected class’ and she applied for the job in the company having met all the required qualifications. These give her the ability to contest the reason for termination. Johansen’s right to sue cannot be waived regardless of the Arbitration/Mediation clause she had signed with the company. It is illegal to take away an individual’s right to sue in a court of law (Schultz 43). Furthermore, the close cannot be binding because Momma Mia misrepresented the contact in the first place. Johansen can seek remedy because her profile is tainted by the ‘guilty by association’ since she was involved in a publicized case. Her career was ruined by firing her and future employers may also decline to hire her by looking at her history as a whistle blower for the previous company. Since she is not the one who breached the contract, Johansen is entitled to the agreed contract fee for the five years amounting to $450,000; that is, $90,000/year for 5 years. Moreover, Momma Mia should cover all the court fees and costs. d entering into a contract with the company, since Momma Mia never disclosed the full nature of her services, which included client escort - something that went against her religious beliefs.

Is Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain Research Paper

Is Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain - Research Paper Example As for drugs like marijuana and heroin, their molecules have a similar structure to neurotransmitters, and thus they activate nerve cells in order to form even harmful synaptic connections as well as send abnormal messages. Cocaine and methamphetamine, on the other hand, would cause the overproduction of neutransmitters like dopamine, which eventually â€Å"shuts off† synaptic communication or the signaling between neurons and alters the brain’s reward system (â€Å"Drug Facts,† 2011). As the addiction continues, it is getting harder and harder to bring the dopamine level to normal in order to produce the same rewarding or satisfying feeling, thus more and more amount of drugs is needed to achieve this. Another effect of drug addiction on the brain is altering glutamate, which is actually associated with the brain’s reward system and cognitive function. Long term abuse, therefore, may impair the glutamate and consequently affect judgment, learning, memory, behavior control, and decision-making activities of the drug addict (â€Å"Drug Facts,† 2011). ... tion is not a brain disease because of two reasons: First, â€Å"the changes in the brain which [those who are on the opposite side of the issue] show us are not abnormal at all,† and second, â€Å"there is no evidence that the behavior of addicts is compulsive [or involuntary† (â€Å"Addiction is NOT,† 2012). For the first reason, those who believe that drug addiction is a disease often point out to brain images of neuroadaptations and a totally different prefrontal cortex that both result from a repetitive intake of drugs. According to authors of Clean Slate, this is not abnormal at all because any human being can alter the synaptic pathways of his brain simply through constant practice, and the authors point out Begley and Jeffrey Schwartz, who both authored The Mind and The Brain. Both authors pointed out in their book that the scanned images of both experienced and inexperienced taxi drivers in London are not the same in terms of the prefrontal cortex, but t his does not necessarily mean that drivers who do not know much of the city would have a mental disease. The point is that â€Å"these brain changes don’t need to be brought on by exposure to chemicals,† and since there is no physiologic malfunction and that there are no pathologically affected parts, then the author of Clean Slate contends that drug addiction is not a disease (â€Å"Addiction is NOT,† 2012). In fact, the aforementioned claim is rather supported by Satel and Lilienfeld (2007), who state, â€Å"In the days between binges, cocaine addicts make many [normal everyday] decisions that have nothing to do with drug-seeking.† However, although it makes perfect logical sense that drug addicts do not act like drug addicts all the time, it is basically the same thing with AIDS patients since these people can

A Proposal for the Richmond Hill Fundraising Activity Essay

A Proposal for the Richmond Hill Fundraising Activity - Essay Example The expenses for these kinds of special program include setting up of the venue, arrangement of furniture and fixtures, arrangements for car wash and beauty therapy, printing of brochures and banners as an advertisement material.The fund raising activity requires adequate planning and there is a need for careful organizing and staffing. Planning needs to be made at least 4 weeks prior to the event. There is a need for a number of resources which are very essential in carrying out the fund raising program. The fund raising program calls for excellent entrepreneurship skills and characteristics for the success of the desired venture. For this event, the aimed target market is one and therefore special programs like car wash and beauty therapy have been arranged in order to generate more funds than that has been estimated at Richmond Hill. There is requirement for materials, financial and human resources for the conduction of this fund raising program. All these resources need to be coo rdinated accordingly for the success of this program and for this, entrepreneurship skill is a must in the project manager. ‘Raising fund for providing clothing to Tsunami victims.’Present Source of capital – annual fund, low priced car washes and beauty therapy.Richmond Hill has been well recognized for raising funds for the community and this demonstrates its commitment to the community. The name of this event is ‘Raising fund for providing clothing to those affected.

Life Is What You Make It Essay Example for Free

Life Is What You Make It Essay Playâ€Å" LIFE â€Å" A marvellous journey, a joyous song; smells of roses but also pricking thorns. A fairy tale or an interesting story long; yes this is life, take it, as it comes along. For a moment one is on success hunches; next day may be in disaster trenches. Reaping today the crops of joy, tomorrow the land may be barren and dry. Surrounded now by madding crowd; big gang of people but don’t feel proud. Later he may be a mourning loner; with none to love in the life fair. Endowed with success, do not go too high; flip of coin and good luck may defy. Also face the challenges with a smile; as even the darkest clouds will pass by. Life is continuity,no buttons to pause; a school but unknown is level of class. It cons you with the problems; but hidden in it are all the keys and solution. No absolutes or formulae for it are known; change is what every day shown. Stocked with loads of energy piecemeal; that fills it with enthusiasm and zeal. It has a few painful separations; but also some strengthening bonds of relation. It has myriad colours and emotions; sorrow and joy in equal sessions. SO†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Share, care and love your dears; no point in clinging on to your fears. For trifling grudges it is too short; do not let the failures you to thwart. Never hurt others, choices might distract; just sincerely follow your heart. Even amidst the agony never fret; do the best with what you get. Do not lose hope, keep learning new skill; march forward, life is a total thrill. Live without inhibition; as life is about surprises and wonderment. Instead of logic trust your intuition; have daily goals be it health or relation. Commit mistakes, you have every right; face it courageously with all the might. Do not envy but live uncluttered; fall in love anytime u want with whatever. First learn to enjoy and use the present; life will be then much more pleasant. So just a small adage to say; life is nothing but a stage play. Live every moment as it unfolds; each day is a new chapter to be told. Inevitable, lively and unpredictable; this trek of life is really adventurous. Nothing ventured, nothing gained is what they say; so go ahead and have your share of play†¦

Managing Intelligence in National Security

Managing Intelligence in National Security At which stage of the intelligence cycle is failure most likely to occur, and why? The most common, traditional paradigm for managing intelligence ‘flow’ is a cycle of four components: direction, collection, processing, and dissemination. Direction comes from policymakers: heads of government agencies, heads of state, senior government officials tasked with overseeing intelligence, and the like, who provide both specific and general roadmaps to intelligence agencies as to how they should apply their resources to defend national interests both at home and abroad. Collection is the process by which intelligence is gathered in a variety of fashions: via HUMINT – intelligence data collected by personal, human effort ‘on the ground’; electronically, e.g. SIGINT (interception of signals), IMINT (satellite, photographic imagining intelligence), etc. Processing is the analysis of the data obtained in the collection component, the means by which the nature, relevance and relative importance of the collected intelligence is ascertained by mea ns both scientific and intuitive. (Arguably, processing is the most important component of the cycle, but the least amount of money is often budgeted to this component of the cycle.) Dissemination refers to the process by which the relevant information is channeled to the appropriate decision-making party within a timetable commensurate with the importance of the information collected and the results of the processing/analysis. Each of the four components of the cycle is fraught with peril for failure and failure in any one component can be catastrophic. The two arenas where failure is most likely to occur, however, are collection and analysis. Failures in collection are often due to lack of applied resources, whether technological or human. The debate has raged for decades over whether HUMINT is superior to intelligence data gathered by increasingly advancing technological wizardry. Most likely, a healthy application of and symbiosis between the two is critical. There is no substitute for the personal presence of agents, operatives, and contacts on the ground, substantially integrated with useful components of whichever society in which they are placed. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was woefully lacking in human collection efforts in Afghanistan in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, and in Iraq during the same time period (though to a lesser extent). Compounding matters was the dearth of CIA field operatives or domestically-based personnel who spoke the common languages of the Middle East – Arabic, Farsi, Pashtun, etc. However, rapid advances in computer technology have enabled the collection of vast quantities o f raw intelligence data – telephone calls, e-mails, radio transmissions, etc., and intelligence agencies who lack such technology will invariably be at a massive disadvantage. Failures in processing/analysis can occur when the collection apparatus has delivered all of the puzzle pieces, usually due to either a collective/institutional, or individual inability to connect the proverbial dots and turn raw data into actionable intelligence conclusions. The 9/11 attacks are a regrettably perfect example of failures in analysis. Discrete entities in the U.S. intelligence community – the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and CIA, as well as other government agencies (the Immigration and Naturalization Service and Federal Aviation Administration) – all possessed nuggets of raw data which if analyzed properly, would clearly have indicated (in fact, some say did definitively indicate) that an Al-Qaida attack on the U.S. using airplanes was imminent. However, these entities failed to share this data and collaborate cooperatively to analyze it. Turf warfare, egos, bureaucratic inertia, and competing political agendas can easily cause fatal paralysis in intelligence processing. The costs of covert action tend to outweigh its benefits. Discuss. The question of whether the costs of covert action outweigh its benefits depend greatly on the context of the covert action; is it an ongoing, multi-year low-intensity campaign involving numerous agendas, or is it an urgent, high-priority single mission designed to achieve a massive single strategic goal? Also, the notion of costs must be defined in relative terms – monetary costs, human costs, opportunity costs; indirect costs (unintended consequences); other abstract and intangible costs such as ethics, legal ramifications, etc. The CIA has long been involved in low-intensity covert actions in a variety of nations, with varying degrees of success. The Iran-Contra affair, in which Reagan administration officials diverted proceeds from the sale of arms to Iran to anti-Marxist Nicaraguan rebels in the mid-1980s, was costly in both monetary terms (hundreds of millions of pounds) and legal terms – a number of Reagan administration officials were subjected to criminal charg es for their roles in facilitating both the operation itself and the cover-up of the operation (the American Congress had passed a law forbidding U.S. government direct aid to the Contras). However, in the wake of 9/11, when the U.S. government concluded that decisive force was required to respond to Al-Qaida’s attack on U.S. soil, the CIA and DoD (Department of Defense) were authorized by President Bush to spend whatever was necessary to execute some of the most bold covert actions – particularly in HUMINT undertaken by American intelligence agencies in decades. HUMINT capacity at the CIA eroded as, ironically, the moral excesses of covert activities of the 1960s-1970s caused a backlash that choked off HUMINT funding priority; also, the end of the Cold War led many policymakers to conclude that the CIA’s resources were better spent on electronic means of collection, as covert action can be prohibitively expensive in both time and money. However, the CIA was authorized and ordered to act boldly and within a matter of weeks, had substantial HUMINT on the ground in Afghanistan both collecting data and coordinating with DoD military planners to levera ge intelligence into actionable military plans. The goal: to defeat the Taliban, who had hosted Al-Qaida in a darkly symbiotic relationship which held the country in a repressive stranglehold and provided safe haven for the training of thousands of would-be terrorists. Mindful of the failure of the Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan, CIA realized that only an asymmetrical application of covert power (mirroring Al-Qaida’s approach to the 9/11 attacks, ironically) would be effective, as a conventional ground war could be too costly in both manpower and lives on both sides. A shrewd application of HUMINT, technology, and good old-fashioned money engineered the relatively rapid American triumph in Afghanistan in 2001. CIA operatives on the ground descended into Afghanistan with little support, made contact with sympathetic Afghan warlords, dispensed hundreds of millions of dollars to other warlords and tribal leaders, in some cases simply to bribe them into switching sides and fight against the Taliban and Al-Qaida. These same operatives also used hand-held laser GPS equipment to target enemy strongholds and transmit this location data directly to U.S. aircraft, who in turn dropped laser-guided bombs with deadly efficiency. The cost was in the billions, but the victory was swift, decisive, and – given the ramifications of the triumph – extremely inexpensive, relatively speaking. As such, not all covert operations are too costly to make them worthwhile. Discuss the importance of open sources collection in comparison to clandestine collection. Is clandestine collection indeed more valuable? Open-source(s) collection refers to the collection of actionable or otherwise valuable/relevant intelligence data from publicly available sources. Prior to the advent of the Internet, this methodology was not without value, but in many cases prohibitively time-intensive, and less prone to yield results. Though the type of information available to the public at a local library might surprise a layperson, it is dwarfed by what is now available on the Internet to anyone with a personal computer. In some cases, an intelligence analyst sitting at a desk in London can gather valuable, reliable information about conditions on the ground in a city halfway across the globe – weather conditions, local news, political and business developments, cultural idiosyncracies. Other sources of OSINT, as it is termed, include diverse sources as consultations with experts in various fields within academia or the business world, professional associations, professional conventions, to simple thought ful Google searches and reading of blogs. The trend globally is towards an ever-increasing amount of openness of information exchange thanks to the Internet. Increasingly sophisticated ‘sweeper’ data-mining software technology, which is often used to collect and in some cases process large volumes of conventional communication traffic, are being utilized by the CIA to scan millions of websites, searching for key terms, phrases, contexts, which might indicate that human review would be advantageous or essential. Instructions to make improvised explosive devices can easily be posted on websites, and 21st century intelligence collection must conform to this new reality. In comparison, the best use of clandestine intelligence vis-à  -vis OSINT efforts is to obtain highly specialized or esoteric intelligence information that is either intentionally kept confidential (classified government secrets, for example). OISINT processing and analysis can help frame and answer a number of general questions and/or analyze larger patterns and trends, whereas clandestine intelligence can help answer targeted, specific questions that cannot be ascertained by either human or computer OSINT efforts. For example, in response to the intelligence reforms demanded in the wake of the failure to anticipate and prevent the 9/11 attacks, the CIA formed an â€Å"Open Source Center† (OSC) to focus specifically on OSINT. In 2004, OSC used OSINT technology to discover that a new, powerful Chinese submarine had been constructed in an underground location heretofore unknown to the American military and intelligence community. The tip-off? Chinese military bloggers, one of whom posted a photograph of the impressive new Chinese submarine (the Yuan-class attack submarine) on a publicly viewable website. CIA in turn employed HUMINT and electronic surveillance to ascertain where the submarine had been constructed and what its operational abilities might be. In a less dramatic example, OSC searched Iraqi websites for postings related to the use of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices), in some cases gathering actionable data which helped avert the use of these deadly terrorist tools. (The inad vertent destruction of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999 by NATO bombs might have been averted by some of the most rudimentary OSINT – having a human operative walk down the street to make sure the military target’s address was correct.) Clandestine collection activities, particularly HUMINT efforts, will always have their place, but in a world where information is available anywhere, anytime, at the click of a mouse, intelligence agencies must dedicate significant resources to OSINT.

Strengths and weaknesses of terrorism research

Strengths and weaknesses of terrorism research Terrorism can be termed an ever evolving dynamic, widely disputed complex phenomenon that finds its roots in psycho-social and political realms. According to Lacquer (1999)  [1]  and Gordon (2004)  [2]  every instance or act of terrorism is inherently different and possess distinctive characteristics similar to biometrics. As stated by Gordon (2010) futile attempts have been made to form terrorism typologies according to terrorists methods of operations, regions of the world, organization and ideologies  [3]  . Based on these assertions it is evident that terrorism as a research field is unclear and still in it normative stages and as such lends itself to structured, synergized future development. Subsequent to the attacks of September 11, 2001 terrorism research experienced a massive influx of scholarly, semi-academic and popular writings from scholars, law enforcement personnel (both retired and active), and journalists depicting various academic, historic, religious, cultural, ethnic and social perspectives all wanting to postulate on the so called new phenomenon of modern terrorism. This apparent thrust according to Jackson (2007)  [4]  has led to the subject matter of Terrorism being transformed into a standalone field of study with its own dedicated journals, research centers, leading scholars and experts, research funding opportunities, conferences and university programmes. Further, Professor Andrew Silke, Director of terrorism studies at the University of East London in an interview with The Guardian, a UK newspaper dated 3rd July 2007, headline The rise and rise of Terrorism Studies has claimed that if current trends continue, more than 90 percent of all terrorism studies literature will have been published post 9/11, 2001, and that a new book on terrorism is published every six hours in the English language.  [5]   Also, in a study on Terrorism and knowledge growth done by Dr. Avishag Gordon, Senior Information Expert in the Computer Science Library at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, in 2004, using publishing databases, it was found that prior to September 2001, terrorism publications had grown over 234 percent between the period 1988-2001  [6]  but post September 2001, there was an explosion of such a proportion that Dr Richard Jackson; senior lecturer in international politics at Manchester University believes that scholarly papers in the discipline have increased by 300% since then.  [7]   Cognizant of the above terrorism research environment and the continued pace of the publication of work on terrorism, this paper will provide a critical examination of Terrorism Research using current literature in order to elucidate the distinguishing aspects, deficiencies and limitations and conclude by providing ideas/ suggestions on the way forward. During the conduct of the analysis this paper will use secondary data to draw attention to the evolution of the unrelenting pace of voluminous outputs purporting to be Terrorism Research. The approaches to the conduct of terrorism research, the challenges associated with the field, the comparison to other fields of discipline and the perception of the driving force behind Terrorism Research will all be examined. The Definition Dilemma Before any incision into Terrorism Research can occur and in order to establish a basis for any arguments for the development of this essay, the issue of the failure to develop a universally acceptable definition must be discussed. The definition of Terrorism is crucial and the most important foundation upon which to build because it ultimately determines the way in which this and any Research on Terrorism should be conducted. To date there is no universal definitions of terrorism accepted by scholars, experts, journalists or theorists. So, rather than revisit the seemingly never ending debate on the definition of terrorism, the paper will adopt Bruce Hoffmans, one of the worlds leading analysts on terrorism definition on terrorism. Hoffman (2005a)  [8]  defines terrorism as: Ineluctably political in aims and motives; Violent-or, equally important, threatens violence; Designed to have far-reaching psychological repercussions beyond the immediate victim or target; Conducted either by an organization with an identifiable chain of command or conspiratorial cell structure (whose members wear no uniform or identifying insignia) or by individuals or a small collection of individuals directly influenced, motivated, or inspired by the ideological aims or example of some existent terrorist movement and/or its leaders; and Perpetrated by a sub-national group or non-state entity. This definition was chosen because it comes from an authoritative source; it is encompassing and gives the widest possible consideration to all actors and all forms of terrorism. The definition elucidates the need to use power to coerce individuals to conformity; it also conveys the violent nature and attendant resonating fear inducing component of the strategy achieved through death and destruction; moreover, it puts the end state of the strategy into context with the aims and motives of terrorists by specifying the strong political nature. Finally the definition combines all the above inferences into a statement whereby the principal deduction can be that its expression is quite simply without doubt terrorism. However making this definition operative in any debate is anything but easy. A major problem was that terrorism almost always has a pejorative connotation and thus falls in the same category of words such as tyranny and genocide, unlike such relatively neutral terms such as war and revolution that can be used to convey the same act. One can aspire to objective and dispassionate research, but one cannot be neutral about terrorism any more than one can be neutral about slavery and genocide. Thus, defining terrorism became an effort not only to delineate a subject area but also to maintain its illegitimacy. Even the most clinical inquiry was laden with values and therefore political issues. The very study of terrorism implied to some a political decision and or objective. Qualitative, case-study research method has dominated the terrorism topic for many years. Since the number of first hand observations in the greater part of this work is really small, researchers have been cautious to delineate terrorism to fit the cases under examination. The undersized quantity of observations, regrettably, often disallows unreliable dubious parts of the definition. In one country, for instance, hostility against the military might take place, but in the second country it might not. In an assessment of the first country, one could vary the definition beyond civilian targets to military targets. In an assessment of the second country, one could not adjust the definition to investigate the implications of unreliable degrees from minimal to maximal definitions (Lesser, 1999). XYZ In current research on terrorism in the political science writings, there is plenty of room to tailor the definition of terrorism to identify with its consequences. Specifically, there is no need to decide on one particular definition of terrorism; multiple definitions can be allowed and then the effects can be empirically sorted out. Empirical analysis might generate two measures of terrorism: one with civilians as the target and the second with both civilians and the military at peace time as the target. Moreover, empirical analysis may demonstrate whether results are alike or diverse dependent on the measure. And any results would have implications for future theoretical and empirical research (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004). EXAMINATION OF THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF TERRORISM RESEARCH Terrorism research has been noted to be somewhat self regulating, though the critiques and reviews of the fields achievements and failures extend over the past two decades. Some of the most important reviews  [9]  include key theorists, experts and analysts in the field. The highlighted strengths and weaknesses are examined below: Weaknesses Poor Concepts, Theories and Methods Terrorism research has been criticized for its less than rigorous theories and concepts primarily due to the absence of a definition of terrorism  [10]  . This conundrum may never ever be resolved however evidence suggests that the current approach by most luminaries in the field seems to be one of sidestepping the definitional issue in favor of variance of term for its use according to the circumstances. This approach reeks of interference and points to external motivations according to purposes. The weakness that this approach portrays is reflected in limitation in the research and studies of terrorism. Another criticism levied in Silke (2004)  [11]  that highlights poor research methods and procedures is the over reliance on interviews and secondary data as opposed to the outputs of primary research. Though there are benefits to be derived from these methodologies, the obvious limitations override them. If evidence that supports the use of other methodologies were present this would bolster the claim for terrorism research to be an independent discipline with its own theoretical framework. Sadly support for an eclectic approach to methodologies used is absent and thus this lack of complementarity exposes the gaps in terrorism research. Another shortcoming in terrorism research as postulated by Richard Jackson (2007)  [12]  is that the outputs tend towards ahistoricity and acontextuality. This view as espoused by Jackson suggests that much of recent terrorism research ignores historical data pre September 2001 and virtually do not take into account experiences of other countries. Most modern researchers and experts tend to view terrorism tabular rasa post September 2001 and consequently refer to terrorist activities as modern terrorism. This misnomer can easily be dispelled as terrorism existed as early as 1880. Further there remains a view that terrorism research is acontextual primarily because researchers do not look at terrorist activity within the context from which they emerged rather terrorist activity is viewed and analyzed to develop trend and pattern analysis from which extrapolation can occur. Another related flaw as espoused by Jackson (2007)  [13]  is that since the events of September 2001 terrorism research tends towards exceptionalizing the experiences of the United States and Al Qaeda. Another expert Louise Richardson (2006)  [14]  described this tendency as American Exceptionalism, the sense that America is different from (and implicitly superior to) the rest of the world. These comments suggests that terrorism researchers had delved in the field without even considering any previous relationship thereby creating a myopia linked to activities post September 2001. In Silke (2004)  [15]  Research on Terrorism, Frederick Schulze notes that Schmid and Jongman (1988) identifies that though a lot has been written about Terrorism, it is not empirically based and lacks substance. In fact Schmid and Jongman note because of the lack of rigorous research based literature; the works produced are narrative, overly descriptive, derivative, derogatory and prescriptive rather than analytical. These identified flaws adequately tell a story of the quality, validity and reliability of the current research. Consequently the focus of the current terrorism research is limited to the sexiest topics while gaps in the literature remain unexplored. Terrorism by its very nature is interdisciplinary as asserted by Joshua Sinai in Silke (2004) yet researchers have not collaborated on much integrated work worldwide. Furthermore, interdisciplinarity and synergies amongst fields are crucial to the development and growth of a research field. Collaborative efforts bring varying perspective together that develop innovative approaches to research agendas. Moreover interdisciplinarity enhances and creates alternate pathways to achieving solutions that are sometimes elusive. Ranstorp (2006)  [16]  stated that In essence interdisciplinary focus and innovation will remain absolutely vital in efforts to develop a critical knowledge base in future terrorism research. It is obvious that for terrorism research to be able to create an expansive valid knowledge base that scientific collaboration across fields must occur. Further in the quest to be recognised as an independent field terrorism research must leverage existing knowledge pools to its advantage. According to Gordon (2010)  [17]  , for the terrorism research field to be considered mature it must go through the development stages variable that includes collaboration as a foundation principle. Yet it is apparent that in the quest for recognition that individualistic behaviours have subsumed the common sense approach of using knowledge bases and methods that exist within other disciplines. One of the harshest criticisms levied against the field is that research priorities, projects topics and perspectives are motivated by a problem solving approach funded by governments. Consequently the general view held is that research produced on behalf of sovereign nations is tainted and state centric because of the obvious relationships. This espoused view cast doubts on the outcome of sponsored work and questions the ability of researchers to remain independent. Andrew Silke (2004)  [18]  has concluded that much terrorism research is driven by policy concerns and is limited to addressing government agendas. This view can at times be myopic as the effects of terrorism will always be a national issue that must be addressed by government. The consequences of any institutional financial political relationship are the risk of ascribed influence peddling. However it can be argued that such a relationship is necessary to advance any field of research. It is believed that researcher s must understand that they should operate within the accepted codes of ethics and conduct and must remain independent lest their credibility and integrity become irreparably damaged. XYZ XYZ Finally, the adhesive that should hold the terrorism research field together is the unity of focus and the concentration of effort among its luminaries. Sadly all indications are that there is a disparate approach funneled by the advancement of personal agendas. Accordingly the leadership needed to close the obvious gaps, to cross fertilize, to synergize and integrate with other existing fields remains absent while the crab in a barrel syndrome pervades. A suggestion is for the creation of an association similar to that of the medical profession with the mandatory accreditation of individuals. This approach is seen as a viable option to guide, assess and focus the work to be conducted in the terrorism research field. Strengths Inputs, developments and effectiveness Terrorism researchers for years have been exploring the root causes of the phenomenon in an attempt to negate the effects of the physical and psychological violence on the wider society. According to Sinai in Silke (2004)  [19]  researchers have through the social sciences using accepted theories and methodologies systematically identified, itemized and correlated root causes ranging from general to the specific, including those at the individual, group, societal and governmental levels. This assertion has provided support that researchers have to a comforting degree been able to understand the origins and the structural theories of terrorism thereby assuring the completion of the early developmental stages of the field of terrorism research. Though some early works have been conducted and methodologies, theories and models for understanding the phenomenon of terrorism have been proffered, additional focus on contributory apparatus and processes in which additional aspects and ci rcumstances further act as motivators for terrorist activities are yet to be explored. As well terrorism research has not yet fully embraced and leveraged existing technologies to assist with computational and mapping challenges. Terrorism research has been able to enhance the tracking of day to day terrorist activities with the advent of chronologies electronic databases such as the Memorial institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT). This advancement has greatly boosted the collection of terrorist activities globally. The examination of the compiled data is significant to the furthering of longitudinal studies, trend analyses, geographical stamping, establishing relationship among groups, mapping strategies employed, determining intensification or deceleration in activities, shaping effectiveness of countermeasures in different geographical location and can generally be useful in assisting with prediction and the impact on societies, be it physical, social, economical or psychological. The downside to heavy reliance on a tool such as this is the increased probability that underestimation and wrongful predictions due to the use of arbitrary criteria when inputting data. This can lead to problems associ ated with the garbage in, garbage out theory. Furthermore the dearth of knowledge generated by current terrorism research has been instrumental in assisting governments in crafting counter terrorism strategies and policies while providing the foundation for the development of emergency management, law enforcement, security and defence agencies doctrine. More specifically, at the tactical level researchers have provided practitioners with useful information on profiles, character traits, and patterns of behaviors that has allowed law enforcement, security and defence personnel to be able to detect, deter and disable attacks. Moreover terrorism research has assisted government with developing approaches to address, neutralize and manage the effects of the phenomenon of terrorism. Critique The way forward The opportunities that are created by the current disarray in the field of terrorism studies are immeasurable. The gaps in existing literature and the lack of focus and unity provide fertile ground for budding researchers to sow intellectual hybrids for the harvest of a plural solution to a universal problem. The time to adopt a more conciliatory approach that creates synergy with other established fields is now or risks the chance of disappearing into ignominy. The prudence of this approach is a greater understanding and the ability to better inform all stakeholders in the interdiction and the management of the effects of terrorism. The thought of being the pioneer for the further development of the broader theoretical framework must continue to be an interesting prospect. The need to interrogate the core concepts of the field in order to provide satisfactory definitions and theoretical formulations must be seen as alluring. Opportunities for the alignment of methodology and the structuring of the discipline into topic areas, the apportioning of noted gaps to scholarship must be vigorously pursued as this structured approach will create an environment that generates funding for additional terrorism research. The upgrade in software technologies to better able researchers to understand, predict and forecast activities beckons on the horizons but the instigator is urgently needed. A serious examination of the political and strategic roots of terrorism is also essential if current tendencies towards acontextuality and ahistoricism are to be effectively countered. The establishment of new terrorism research journals as part of an attempt to foster a reflective and critical approach to the field is needed for encouraging the identification and exploitation of original information sources. The need for focus and expansion beyond the state-centric orientation of contemporary research is particularly urgent to change the perception of puppetry and biases. CONCLUSION If the benchmark for the acceptance of whether terrorism research field has attained maturity is the voluminous contributions by scholars, experts, theorists and analysts then one can opine that the intended status has been achieved. However, when a comprehensive analysis is conducted to provide insight into a difficult subject area, it is apparent that the field of terrorism research is dichotomous and fragmented. Terrorism research is yet to be considered a complete field primarily because of key issues such as definition, the absence of a theoretical framework, a general lack of focus, variance with interdisciplinarity and the absence of a focused research agenda. Coupled with the stated gaps and the inability to replicate and prove research studies, terrorism research as a field continues to be an elusive endeavor. Moreover, it is apparent that terrorism research has not been allowed to evolve through its developmental stages as other fields (the field was not allowed to creep before it learned to walk). Based on the events of September 2001, the research field appeared to have been given an injection akin to Somatotropin a forbidden synthetic human growth stimulant that has forced its maturity. This premature development which is without a solid foundation and littered with potential dangers and pitfalls is attempting to force its way into becoming an established research field, without first paying its dues. Consequently the environment has had a proliferation of works purporting to be legitimate discourse. Further the statistics from Gordon (2004) attest to the fact that the field has seen the most single author contributions than any other field of research. This must be worrisome as the interpretations can only suggest the appearance of some cultist fad which will eventually wither. The concerns at this time must be what will be the trigger to turn around this annoying trend? The answers lie with the experts, scholars, analysts and researchers and the ability to come together and re-focus a field that is critical to the continued existence of the global population. The responsibilities associated with terrorism research and understanding of the importance to the decrease of the fear of terrorism to the world must be the dilutive to the greed and egotistical aura that permeate the field today.

Internal Combustion Engines :: essays research papers

Internal Combustion Engines Introduction Internal Combustion Engine, a heat engine in which the fuel is burned ( that is, united with oxygen ) within the confining space of the engine itself. This burning process releases large amounts of energy, which are transformed into work through the mechanism of the engine. This type of engine different from the steam engine, which process with an external combustion engine that fuel burned apart from the engine. The principal types of internal combustion engine are : reciprocating engine such as Otto-engine, and Diesel engines ; and rotary engines, such as the Wankel engine and the Gas-turbine engine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In general, the internal combustion engine has become the means of propulsion in the transportation field, with the exception of large ships requiring over 4,000 shaft horsepower ( hp).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In stationary applications, size of unit and local factor often determine the choice between the use of steam and diesel engine. Diesel power plants have a distinct economic advantage over steam engine when size of the plant is under about 1,000 hp. However there are many diesel engine plants much large than this. Internal combustion engines are particularly appropriate for seasonal industries, because of the small standby losses with these engines during the shutdown period. History The first experimental internal combustion engine was made by a Dutch astronomer, Christian Huygens, who, in 1680, applied a principle advanced by Jean de Hautefeuille in 1678 for drawing water. This principle was based on the fact that the explosion of a small amount of gunpowder in a closed chamber provided with escape valves would create a vacuum when the gases of combustion cooled. Huygens, using a cylinder containing a piston, was able to move it in this manner by the external atmospheric pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first commercially practical internal combustion engine was built by a French engineer, ( Jean Joseph ) Etienne Lenoir, about 1859-1860. It used illuminating gas as fuel. Two years later, Alphonse Beau de Rochas enunciated the principles of the four-stroke cycle, but Nickolaus August Otto built the first successful engine ( 1876 ) operating on this principle. Reciprocating Engine Components of Engines The essential parts of Otto-cycle and diesel engines are the same. The combustion chamber consists of a cylinder, usually fixed, which is closed at one end and in which a close-fitting piston slides. The in-and-out motion of the piston varies the volume of the chamber between the inner face of the piston and the closed end of the cylinder. The outer face of the piston is attached to a crankshaft by a connecting rod. The crankshaft transforms the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion.

Cost Accounting: Its role and ethical considerations Essay -- Business

Cost Accounting: Its role and ethical considerations Introduction: Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information about an entity for the purpose of making decisions and informed judgements. The major areas of within the accounting are: Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting/Cost Accounting and Auditing- Public Accounting Managerial accounting is concerned with the use of economic and financial information to plan and control the activities of an entity and to support the management in planning and decision-making process. Cost accounting is the subset of managerial accounting and it helps management in determination and accumulation of product, process or service cost. Role of Cost Accounting: Increased competition and uncertain business conditions have put significant pressure on corporate management to make informed business decisions and maximize their company?s financial performance. In response to this pressure, a range of management accounting tools and techniques has emerged. One of the most important tools that a management can use is - Cost Accounting. Cost accounting helps management in making strategic decisions by identifying an organization?s comparative strengths and weaknesses and a better ways to use, improve or eliminate them. Cost information is used for many different purposes:  · Performance measurement;  · Cost reduction and control;  · Determination of reimbursement and fee or price setting;  · Program authorization, modification, and discontinuation decisions; and  · Decisions to contract out work or make other changes in the methods of production or delivery of services. Cost accounting provides various tools for example: Cost-benefit analysis, break-even analysis, and CVP to help management in making decisions. Role of Ethics in Cost Accounting Webster's Dictionary defines ethics as "...the principles of conduct governing an individual or a profession: the discipline dealing with what is good or bad or right and wrong, or with moral duty and obligation; a particular theory or system of moral values". Ethics are very important in any field. In cost accounting also ethics play an important role. Ethical situations can easily arise in any business setting when money is involved. . The whole Enron saga was the result ... ...g is an important tool that can help management in making informed decision. Though it is not legally required but still it is necessary to run an entity effectively. Cost accounting is turned toward the future. There are different methods of costing in Cost Accounting: Absorption costing and Variable costing. Both have some merits over the other. An entity can use both of them for different uses. Absorption costing can be used for external reporting, managers need to review the effect of their decision on financial reporting to outsiders whereas Variable costing can be used by managers to review the effect of management decisions on production, costs and profits. References: Absorption, Variable, and Throughput Costing. Retrieved on December15, 2004 from http://www.kellogg.nwu.edu/faculty/balachan/htm/Acct439/Solutions/solution_manual19.doc Hilton, Ronald W: Cost Management: Strategies for Business Decisions, Second Edition: Marshall: Accounting, What the Numbers Mean, Sixth Edition: 3-8 Turner, Robert M: Ethics and professionalism: the CPA in industry, April1990. Retrieved on December15, 2004 from http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/old/08416230.htm

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Essay

In the first half of the poem ‘On the Grasshopper and Cricket’ Keats talks about the opulence of the summer season and deals with summer imagery and the grasshopper, similarly the second half is about the dullness of the winter season and deals with the cricket. â€Å" How does Keats explore Romantic Ideals in his poem On the Grasshopper and Cricket†? The poem is structurally similar to a sonnet because it has 14 lines, it can be divided into an octet and sestet and it is written in iambic pentameter. The poem has a definite rhyme scheme of abbabba cdecde. This use of form brings out the cyclic, eternal and perpetual life of nature. The use of imagery is unmistakably showing us the reverence for the natural world. Imagery is shown in the Octet summer afternoon as the hot sun, cooling trees, hedge and New-mown mead meaning meadow. In the Sestet winter evening its shown as lone winter evening, frost, stove and silence. This creates contrast from the pleasant and active mood, and lively environment created by the words ‘delights’ and ‘fun’ to the dismal and melancholy mood, and slow and peaceful environment created by ‘silence’ and ‘drowsiness’. ‘The poetry of earth is never dead’, this is the opening line of the poem. Reflecting the poet’s belief that the beauty of nature never ends and that the beauty of nature is an art form and it will never cease to exist. The Grasshopper portrays the enjoyment of summer that everyone partakes during this season. This is shown in line 7. ‘He has never done with his delights’. The assonance of the extended vowel sounds in ‘the new-mown mead’ reflects the environment of summer; this is contrasted with the harsh vowel sounds of ‘wrought a silence’ in winter, which shows how harsh winter is. Even though there is contrast between the summer and winter seasons, they are two separate beauties-summer being gentle and relaxing beauty, whereas winter is harsh and cold, yet still enchanting. Keats has explored Romantic Ideals in his poem through reverence for the natural world. The delineation was created through the use of contrast, assonance, imagery and rhyme. Using two characters such as the Grasshopper and the Cricket to visually impact the audience with thec impact nature has on us. The earth is beautiful and always will be.

Hong Kong Jockey Club

1. The HK jazz nine-spots stakeholders are as follows (1)The political sympathies. The HK make love partnership, as a large wiz taxpayer, could contri scarcee to the governments financial revenue. (2)Hong Kong charities. The HK fuck nightspot gives annual donations on which many Hong Kong charities depend. (3)The citizens of Hong Kong. The HK jazz golf-club would apportion operational surpluses to support the social and civil needs related to the community services, education, medical examination and health. (4)The employees. The state of business of HK Jockey parliamentary procedure would affect the puff upbeing and the salary of the employees. 5)The customers and the connection members. The actions taken by the HK Jockey fellowship could influence or be influenced by the racing and betting public, the lottery players and the bludgeon members. 2. The challenges faced by the HK Jockey familiarity as it engages in CSR initiatives are as follows (1)The HK Jockey Club regularly consults the government about the community needs when decision making the distribution of the donations however, the Club sometimes receives the critique for the allocation of donations. 2)How the HK Jockey Club expands its gambling business on Mainland China without violating the Chinese law in terms of gambling. (3)How to shed use of the launch of an Individual discover Scheme and the recovery of the economy in HK to upturn the betting turnover proportionately. (4)Although the move of legalizing football game betting could reduce illegal bookmakers, improver the tax revenue and advance kind-hearted funds, it potentially encourages gambling among callowness. The operation of football betting may cause line of work and pathological gambling. 5)The public does non well recognize the status of the Jockey Club as not-for profit. People are not aware of the charitable investments dispenseed by the HK Jockey Club 3. (1)The Jockey Club should conduct several resear ches before the enhancing of the racing intersection point or the regulatory change. Specifically, the Jockey Club could survey the public opinion toward the visualize and consult the government, the club members and the employees to evaluate the forge feasibility. In addition, the Jockey Club could oppose its situation with that of some other countries that encounter with same issues to assess the ethical mplications. (2)The Jockey Club should stop the plan or shift the marketing strategy if it does not pursue with the domestic or foreign legislation. The Jockey Club should not only persist in the rule of law in Hong Kong, but also respect the legislations in other countries. Moreover, the Jockey Club should provide equal education for the public especially the youth about the improvement of the racing intersection to avoid problem and pathological gambling. Furthermore, the Jockey Club could cooperate with the government to urge on the public vigilance of the illegal or unauthorized gambling.

The effect of salt on the boiling temperature of water research paper Essay

Project formulate PlanEveryone knows that pissing grinds at 212F, but does hang oning flavour to a cumulus of body of body of weewee supply make it churn at a higher temperature? Being a person that cooks much at home, I wanted to test the debated supposition that make uping sodium chloride to my piddle pass on make it boil prompter. One of my partners says it does raise the temperature and therefore cooks it red-hot. My other friend says it solely helps it taste better.Literature Review delay flavour is often added to weewee before the turn process in hopes that the body of water will boil faster. It has been argued that the simmering temperature residual is insignificant with a petty(a) green goddess of water. However, when adding salt to larger amounts of water, the change is much noticeable.Southwest query Institute states that the heat message of salt water is less than that of utter(a) water, which direction that it takes less energy to raise th e temperature of the salt water 1 C. than pure water. The time it takes a pot of water to boil is controlled by three things, prime(prenominal) is how much heat you put into the pot, second is how fast the temperature rises and third is the boiling pass of the liquid (Southwest Research Institute, 2014).Salt elevates the boiling temperature of water using a process known as boiling point elevation. With water being a known response and salt a non-volatile solute, when you add salt to the water, it makes the water an impure solvent, and raises its boiling point above that of pure solvents (Effect of Salt on the boiling Temperature of wet). Experimental Design StepsWater will be boil four different times as follows1.2 cups of distilled water are added to a 2 quart homework pota. First run add NO salt this is the controlb. Second run add 1 Tablespoon of dodge salt ladder 1c. Third run add 1 Tablespoon of hedge salt Trial 2d.Fourth run add 1 Tablespoon of table salt Trial 3 2. For severally run, add together water to boil3. For separately run, record the highest temperature training of the boiling water4. After first with third runs, allow pot and burner to cool5. dust pot after to each one run to loose salt residueReasoningA regular(prenominal) recipe will call for a germinate of salt in the water. The articles I read do me believe that adding more salt would make the temperature contrast more noticeable, I upped the salt to 1 tablespoon of salt to each pot of water per run, instead of a dash. Adding a dash of salt could reorient the results, because when adding a dash, you will not have the homogeneous measurement of salt to each pot of water as you would when step the salt with a tablespoon. In order to reduce error, so I employ three trials.Sequence of EventsDuring each trial I will be measuring the temperature of the water with a thermometer. at a time it reaches its highest temperature, I will record it in my data table. This wi ll be the process for each trial.Tools, Technologies, and Measurement UnitsTable SaltDistilled Water2 Quart Cooking PotPint measuring cupTeaspoon and tablespoon measuring spoonsThermometer (Degrees Fahrenheit) breathing in spoonStove top burner (electric) shiftingsIndependent uncertain Amount of salt added to the waterDependent Variable Temperature at which the water boilsControlled Variables Temperature of kitchen stove setting, pot, type of water, stigma of salt, amount of water, thermometerThreat Reduction to Internal grimnessBy washing the pot and thermometer between each trial, I will reduce the amount of salt residue that is on the pot that could alter my results. I will use the same heating unit, pot, and thermometer each time to get more valid results.theoryThe hypothesis of this sample is that adding table salt to water will raise the boiling temperature of the water. Process of entropy CollectionBoiling Point of Two Cups of WaterAmount of salt added (IV)Temperature of boiling water in Fahrenheit (DV)No Salt (Control)212.7F1 Tablespoon Salt digest 1214.9F1 Tablespoon Salt Run 2215.3F1 Tablespoon Salt Run 3215.1FAs predicted, adding salt to water does raise the boiling temperature of the water, even if only minimally. Variations in the boiling temperature may be contributed to slight variations in the measurements of the salt added to the water. It is important to measure both the water and salt exactly to ensure accurate results. enamour MethodsFor each run, 2 cups of water were added to a 2 quart saucepan 1 tablespoon of salt was hence added to the water and stirred to mix the two ingredients together. The saucepan was accordingly put on the stove and brought to a boil. Once the water reached a full boil the final temperature was recorded using a Go-Temp thermometer. The tools and methods used in this are appropriate to the experiment.ResultsThe results were larger than anticipated. The average temperature of the water with the salt was 21 5.1 degrees Fahrenheit, while the temperature of the control was 212.7 degrees Fahrenheit. This was a difference of 2.4 degrees. ConclusionConfirmation of HypothesisMy hypothesis was confirmed. Adding table salt to water causes the water to boil at a higher temperature. The temperature readings were hard to make. Oven mitts had to be irresolute to keep my hands from getting burned. I had to be sure that the thermometer wasnt too close to the stove or the temperature would be skewed.Experimental Design as a Key FactorHow you design your experiment is key to helping you keep your results reliable and valid. You only need one independent variable. If you have more than one, you wont know which one is rattling affecting your results, it will also be harder to measure. reservation as many variables as possible changeless will help increase the reliability of the experiment. retortBy following this plan and report, you can bend this experiment. One might try adding different amounts of salt to see if there is a point at which the amount of salt added stops increasing the boiling point. Evaluation of ValidityReplicating this experiment will add to the validity of my results and others results. If the experiment is replicated numerous times this will add to thevalidity, resulting in a more accurate conclusion. It is important to measure both the water and salt accurately to ensure that the results collected are as accurate as possible.ReferencesDoes water boil faster if you put salt in the water? (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2014, from http//www.swri.org/10light/water.htm experimental SCIENCE PROJECTS The Effect of Salt on the Boiling Temperature of Water. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2014, from http//www.freesciencefairproject.com/projects/effect_salt_boiling_water.htmlEffect of Salt on the Boiling Temperature of Water. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2014, from http//www.actiondonation.org/articles/effect-of-salt.html government agency navigation. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2014, from http//www.sciencebase.com/science-blog/how-does-salt-affect-the-boiling-point-of-water.html

Evading Loneliness Essay

In A tram Named Desire, the antecedent Tennes c each Williams chooses to evidence the free f only of Blanche through and through with(predicate) her commit to universeipulate al whizness. end-to-end the text, Blanche faces lonesomeness, provided she can non reside her thirst. later on the bolshy of her family demesne referred to as, Belle Reve, is officially rendered without family. Having mazed her wealth and all her family, she develops the softness to be near with eitherone raise in her. Blanches trustworthy thirst to beleaguer seclusion causes her downfall.The trading floor develops when Blanche loses Belle Reve. She had been nourishment thither with her unseasoned preserve, Allan. Her relish to cook loneliness develops when her husband commits suicide. In film 9 Blanche is talk of the town to Mitch when she absolutely reminisces almost the sad night. She says, The Varsouviana The trip the light fantastic toe melodic line they were playin g when Allan continue A hostile revolver rib is heard. Blanche is re remainved. there instanter the supposition It eternally top later that (Norton 1853). Blanche is patently politic tenderhearted approximately the exit and the respite that it halt allows endorsers to see that she wants Mitch to be her breastwork from loneliness. If they were to get married Blanche would non concern beingness alone. on with Allan, Blanche suffers the passing game of threefold family members. To slew with her losings, as wellspring as, hand telephoner she leaves Belle Reve for rude(a) siege of Orleans to stick by with her sis, Stella. Blanches appetency to spoil loneliness is clear shown when she is inclined directions to her sisters townhome, buck a trackrailway car named Desire, and hence shipping to one named Cemeteries. (Norton1805.)Williams offers the reader a pass off to predict that her rely go out adopt to her downfall. Blanche is actually quick, wh en she sees her sister, to ask, What be you doing in a regulate care this? (Norton 1808), with a support spirit that does not fulfill the stake considering she is cookery to assay with Stella. clear indentifying Blanches think shtup her yack is for the society of her sister. Furthermore, with the unfitness to be sincere Blanche rejects any hopes of option her thirst. clearly state by Mitch, Lies, lies, within and out, all lies. (Norton 1855), this demonstrate that the man that was on the bourne of her give up was pushed by lies. demolition is the turnaround of desire to match up Blanche DuBois. drop is brought upon herself when she losses the family terra firma and she chooses to lie or so herself to others. Tennessee Williams knavishly depicts Blanches downfall through her desire to flurry loneliness. give out CitedWilliams, Tennessee A ropeway Named Desire. The Norton submission to Literature. ED cell and Mays tenth edition. naked York W.W. Norton & Company, 2010. Print.